Rights audit

Image Rights & Credits

Old art does not automatically make every photograph free—and a rights barrier is not a reason to erase an object. Images appear only with a recorded source assessment; everything else remains present as an explicit text-only record.

48displayed images
16text-only records
64works still counted

A jurisdiction is not the world

“Public domain” is reported, not universalized.

A “public-domain source assessment” means that the source or Wikimedia Commons treats the digital file as public domain or PD-Art, often using the United States rule for faithful reproductions of public-domain two-dimensional art. This site no longer restates that assessment as a Creative Commons Public Domain Mark the source did not apply.

That reasoning is not universal. Austrian neighbouring rights, Italy's cultural-heritage rules, Vatican policies, United Kingdom collection terms, and other national regimes may reach reproductions differently. These credits explain why a file is displayed here; they are not downstream legal clearance for every visitor in every country.

The two Sailko photographs and this site's WebP adaptations are offered under CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗. CC0 and CC BY files retain their source terms. Follow the linked file page before reusing any image.

Leaf from a Latin Bible: Initial A and Initial A: Judith Beheading Holofernes

Leber Group workshop, c. 1230–1240

Source
Cleveland Museum of Art, Open Access
Rights status
Public domain / Cleveland Open Access
Reuse statement
Public domain
Display
cleveland-leber-initial.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith Beheading Holofernes, Historiated Initial A

Unknown illuminator, southern France, c. 1275–1300

Source
Cleveland Museum of Art, Open Access
Rights status
Public domain / CC0 open-access reproduction
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
cleveland-bible-initial.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Virgin Overcomes the Devil; Judith Kills Holofernes, from a Speculum Humanae Salvationis

Unknown Italian illuminator, c. 1370–1390

Source
Text-only record; The Fitzwilliam Museum
Rights status
The museum supplies a low-resolution image under CC BY-NC-ND
Reuse statement
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (not reproduced here) · license text ↗
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The catalogue image is licensed CC BY-NC-ND. Because this exhibition converts displayed images to WebP, it does not reproduce that no-derivatives file; the museum is invited to permit a suitable display copy.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

Donatello, c. 1457–1464

Source
Photograph by Sailko, Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; photograph and this WebP adaptation are offered under CC BY-SA 4.0
Reuse statement
CC BY-SA 4.0 · license text ↗
Display
donatello-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

The Return of Judith to Bethulia

Sandro Botticelli, c. 1470–1475

Source
Uffizi Galleries / Google Art Project, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
botticelli-return-bethulia.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Andrea Mantegna or follower (possibly Giulio Campagnola), c. 1495–1500

Source
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Rights status
CC0 open-access reproduction
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
mantegna-follower-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Girolamo Mocetto, after Andrea Mantegna, c. 1500–1505

Source
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Rights status
CC0 open-access reproduction
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
mocetto-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Lucas Cranach the Elder, c. 1530

Source
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Rights status
Public domain; Met Open Access
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
cranach-met-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith Slaying Holofernes, from The Power of Women, plate 5

Dirck Volckertsz Coornhert, after Maarten van Heemskerck, 1551

Source
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Rights status
Public domain; Met Open Access
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
coornhert-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Paolo Veronese, c. 1580

Source
Kunsthistorisches Museum / Google Art Project
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
veronese-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Hendrik Goltzius, after Bartholomaeus Spranger, c. 1586–1587

Source
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Rights status
CC0 open-access reproduction
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
goltzius-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith Beheading Holofernes

Caravaggio, c. 1599–1600 (dating debated; 1602 also proposed)

Source
Gallerie Nazionali di Arte Antica, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; digital-file reuse follows the source assessment and may vary by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
caravaggio-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Cristofano Allori, 1610–1612

Source
Photograph by Sailko, Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; photograph and this WebP adaptation are offered under CC BY-SA 4.0
Reuse statement
CC BY-SA 4.0 · license text ↗
Display
allori-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith Slaying Holofernes

Artemisia Gentileschi, c. 1612–1613

Source
Museo e Real Bosco di Capodimonte, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
artemisia-naples.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Antiveduto Gramatica, 1610s

Source
Nationalmuseum, Stockholm
Rights status
Public domain; Nationalmuseum Open Access
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
antiveduto-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith Slaying Holofernes

Artemisia Gentileschi, c. 1620

Source
Uffizi Galleries / Google Art Project, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
artemisia-florence.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith at the Banquet of Holofernes

Rembrandt van Rijn, 1634

Source
Museo Nacional del Prado, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; digital-file reuse follows the source assessment and may vary by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
rembrandt-banquet.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

Abraham Bosse, 1645

Source
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Rights status
Public domain; Met Open Access
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
bosse-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Hanukkah Lamp with Judith and the Head of Holofernes

Unknown Polish maker, early 19th century

Source
Text-only record; Yeshiva University Museum / Center for Jewish History
Rights status
The Center for Jewish History limits reuse of the published photograph to personal, research, and educational purposes
Reuse statement
Image not displayed; reuse permission required
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; Yeshiva University Museum and the Center for Jewish History are invited to let this ceremonial Judith illuminate the visible exhibition.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

Francisco de Goya, 1820–1823

Source
Museo Nacional del Prado, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
goya-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

John Rogers Herbert, 1863

Source
National Museums Liverpool, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
herbert-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith I

Gustav Klimt, 1901

Source
Belvedere, Vienna, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
klimt-judith-i.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith Taking Holofernes’ Head

Unknown weavers, South Netherlandish, c. 1455–1465

Source
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Rights status
Public domain; Met Open Access
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
met-tapestry-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

Michelangelo Buonarroti, c. 1509

Source
Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museums, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source records a public-domain digital-file assessment, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
michelangelo-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith

Jan Sanders van Hemessen, 1535–1545

Source
Art Institute of Chicago
Rights status
Public domain; Art Institute Open Access
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
van-hemessen-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Powder Flask with Judith and Holofernes

Unknown German carver, c. 1570

Source
Cleveland Museum of Art, Open Access
Rights status
Public domain / CC0 open-access reproduction
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
powder-flask-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes

Titian, c. 1570

Source
Detroit Institute of Arts, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
titian-judith-maidservant.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Attributed to Lavinia Fontana, 1590–1595

Source
National Museum in Kraków, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
CC0 open-access reproduction
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
lavinia-fontana-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Fede Galizia, 1601

Source
Galleria Borghese, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
fede-galizia-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes

Orazio Gentileschi, possibly with Artemisia Gentileschi, c. 1608–1612

Source
Nasjonalmuseet, Oslo
Rights status
Artwork public domain; museum image CC BY 4.0
Reuse statement
CC BY 4.0
Display
gentileschi-oslo-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith in the Tent of Holofernes

Johann Liss, mid-to-late 1620s

Source
The National Gallery, London, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
johann-liss-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes

Artemisia Gentileschi, c. 1623–1625

Source
Detroit Institute of Arts, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
artemisia-detroit-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith Decapitating Holofernes

Trophime Bigot, c. 1640

Source
The Walters Art Museum
Rights status
CC0 open-access reproduction
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
bigot-walters-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Massimo Stanzione, c. 1640

Source
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Rights status
Public domain; Met Open Access
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
stanzione-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Severed Head of Holofernes

Muhammad Zaman, c. 1680

Source
Khalili Collections, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source records a public-domain digital-file assessment, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
muhammad-zaman-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Ubaldo Gandolfi, 18th century

Source
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Rights status
Public domain; Met Open Access
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
gandolfi-judith-drawing.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Unknown French sculptor, mid-1800s

Source
Cleveland Museum of Art, Open Access
Rights status
Public domain / CC0 open-access reproduction
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
french-terracotta-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith

Benjamin-Constant, possibly c. 1886

Source
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Rights status
Public domain; Met Open Access
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
benjamin-constant-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

The Discovery of the Body of Holofernes

Sandro Botticelli, c. 1470–1475

Source
Uffizi Galleries / Google Art Project, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
botticelli-discovery-holofernes.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith

Giorgione, c. 1504

Source
State Hermitage Museum, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
giorgione-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith

Virginia da Vezzi, c. 1624–1626

Source
Musée d’arts de Nantes, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
virginia-vezzi-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes and Her Maid

Michaelina Wautier, c. 1650

Source
Sint-Waldetrudis Church, Herentals, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
michaelina-wautier-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Circle of Elisabetta and Giovanni Andrea Sirani, mid-17th century (Walters displays 1638–1665)

Source
The Walters Art Museum
Rights status
CC0 open-access reproduction
Reuse statement
CC0 1.0
Display
sirani-circle-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

Pedro Américo, 1880

Source
Museu Nacional de Belas Artes, Rio de Janeiro, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source marks the digital file public domain or PD-Art, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
pedro-americo-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith II (Salome)

Gustav Klimt, 1909

Source
Ca’ Pesaro, Venice, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source records a public-domain digital-file assessment, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
klimt-judith-ii.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Rembrandt Peale, after Cristofano Allori, 1830

Source
Princeton University Art Museum, Open Access
Rights status
Public-domain artwork; Princeton provides the image for free use
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
rembrandt-peale-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith Holding Up the Severed Head of Holofernes

Unidentified Novohispanic artist, 18th century

Source
Text-only record; PESSCA documents a private Mexico City collection
Rights status
No reusable image is currently identified
Reuse statement
Rights status not published
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

No image has been made available under terms that permit reuse here; the Rodrigo Rivero Lake Collection and PESSCA are warmly invited to help us replace this empty frame.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith e Holofernes

Angelo Agostini, 1884

Source
Revista Illustrada / Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source records a public-domain digital-file assessment, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
angelo-agostini-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judite e Holofernes

Oscar Pereira da Silva, after Pedro Américo, date unknown

Source
Coleção Anésio Urbano Júnior, via Wikimedia Commons
Rights status
Artwork public domain; source records a public-domain digital-file assessment, but status may differ by jurisdiction
Reuse statement
Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)
Display
oscar-pereira-judith.webp

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

Robert Barnes, 1958

Source
Text-only record; Whitney Museum of American Art
Rights status
Copyright held by the artist or estate
Reuse statement
All rights reserved
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; the Whitney and the artist's rightsholders are cordially challenged to let this Chicago Judith join the visible record.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith (Study for Sculpture)

Chaim Gross, c. 1960

Source
Text-only record; Smithsonian American Art Museum
Rights status
Copyright may subsist in the artwork
Reuse statement
Reuse not authorized for this exhibition
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

No reusable image is available here; the Smithsonian and the Renee & Chaim Gross Foundation are invited to help this sculptural Judith step out of the empty frame.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith

Roger Medearis, 1968

Source
Text-only record; Smithsonian American Art Museum
Rights status
Copyright may subsist in the artwork
Reuse statement
Reuse not authorized for this exhibition
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; the Smithsonian and Medearis rightsholders are invited to let this steadfast American Judith be seen alongside her record.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

The Enemy Fled Seeing Judith with the Head of Holofernes

Peter Minchell, 1973

Source
Text-only record; Smithsonian American Art Museum
Rights status
Copyright may subsist in the artwork
Reuse statement
Reuse not authorized for this exhibition
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

No reusable image is available here; the Smithsonian and Minchell rightsholders are invited to give this emphatically titled flight scene the visibility it deserves.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith on Red Square

Komar and Melamid, 1993

Source
Text-only record; The Jewish Museum
Rights status
Copyright held by the artists or their representatives
Reuse statement
All rights reserved
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; The Jewish Museum and the artists' representatives are invited to let Judith cross Red Square into this public history.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Untitled #228

Cindy Sherman, 1990

Source
Text-only record; The Museum of Modern Art
Rights status
Copyright Cindy Sherman
Reuse statement
All rights reserved
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; MoMA, the artist, and her representatives are invited to let this deliberately artificial Judith occupy the frame she is already critiquing.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

I'll Make You Shorter by a Head (Judith I)

Tina Blondell, 1999

Source
Text-only record; Minneapolis Institute of Art
Rights status
Copyright held by the artist
Reuse statement
All rights reserved
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; Mia and the artist are invited to help this formidable Judith correct one more male-dominated wall.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

Kehinde Wiley, 2012

Source
Text-only record; North Carolina Museum of Art
Rights status
Copyright held by the artist
Reuse statement
Permission required
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; the NCMA and the artist's studio are invited to let this monumental Brooklyn Judith stand visibly in the global account.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

Nigel Brown, 1982

Source
Text-only record; Milford Galleries survey
Rights status
Copyright held by the artist or representative
Reuse statement
All rights reserved
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

No reusable image or full object sheet is available here; the artist, current holder, and Milford Galleries are invited to fill both the visual and cataloguing gaps.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes (with Street View)

Nigel Brown, 1982

Source
Text-only record; Milford Galleries survey
Rights status
Copyright held by the artist or representative
Reuse statement
All rights reserved
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

No reusable image or full object sheet is available here; the artist, current holder, and Milford Galleries are invited to show us what the added street changes.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Judith and Holofernes

Lisa Sharp, 2016

Source
Text-only record; work details reproduced in a third-party artist feature
Rights status
Copyright held by the artist
Reuse statement
All rights reserved
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; the artist and current holder are invited to let this small Sydney diptych enter the visible global conversation.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Just before the most significant events, people are particularly prone to deny the possibilities of the future. (cause all we're doing is learning how to die)

Tomislav Nikolic, 2014–2017

Source
Text-only record; Art Gallery of New South Wales
Rights status
Copyright Tomislav Nikolic
Reuse statement
All rights reserved
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; the Art Gallery of New South Wales and the artist are invited to let this chromatic afterimage meet its Caravaggio source in public.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026

Pouring the Judith Slaying Holofernes

Kannika Jansuwan, 2021

Source
Text-only record; artist listing on Saatchi Art
Rights status
Copyright held by the artist
Reuse statement
All rights reserved
Display
Text-only until reusable media is offered

The image is not available for reuse here; the artist and listing platform are invited to let this Thai response to Artemisia be studied beyond the sales page.

Source reviewed 12 August 2026