In a Safavid album painting, Judith displays Holofernes’s head within a Europeanizing landscape and architectural setting.
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In a Safavid album painting, Judith displays Holofernes’s head within a Europeanizing landscape and architectural setting.

Muhammad Zaman, Judith with the Severed Head of Holofernes, c. 1680

Safavid Europeanizing painting · Display of the head

Judith with the Severed Head of Holofernes

Muhammad Zaman active 1649–1701

c. 1680

Gallery label

Judith reaches Isfahan through circulating European images, then returns transformed within a Safavid album tradition.

Look closely

Modelled bodies, receding landscape, drapery, and architecture adapt European pictorial devices, while gold, paper, border, and album scale place the scene in a different ecology of looking.

Why this Judith matters

This work breaks a falsely self-contained European canon. Judith’s image moved through diplomatic, mercantile, and artistic exchange, acquiring new material and cultural lives.

Sources for this record:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art record ↗

“Judith reaches Isfahan through circulating European images, then returns transformed within a Safavid album tradition.”

Narrative index

Primary catalogue placement: display of the head, Judith 13:14–16. The index organizes comparison; it does not claim that every visual detail comes from those verses or that the work touches only one episode.

Text and evidence

The passage behind the image

See the verses in parallel public-domain translations, then return to ask what the artist has omitted, moved, or invented.

Read Judith 13:14–16 →

Image information

Artwork public domain; source records a public-domain digital-file assessment, but status may differ by jurisdiction

Khalili Collections, via Wikimedia Commons

Image reuse: Public-domain source assessment (jurisdiction varies)